100th Anniversary Symposium of Umami Discovery: The Roles of Glutamate in Taste, Gastrointestinal Function, Metabolism, and Physiology
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Sept; 90 (3)
Introduction
Introduction to the Symposium.
Symposium keynote address
The gourmet ape: evolution and human food preferences.
Historical Perspectives
Umami and the foods of classical antiquity.
Glutamate: from discovery as a food flavor to role as a basic taste (umami).
Sensory and receptor responses to umami: an overview of pioneering work.
History of glutamate production.
Receptors, transduction, perception: session I
T1R receptors mediate mammalian sweet and umami taste.
Taste receptors for umami: the case for multiple receptors.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 in taste tissue.
Multiple receptors underlie glutamate taste responses in mice.
Umami taste transduction mechanisms.
Glutamate taste and appetite in laboratory mice: physiologic and genetic analyses.
Receptors, transduction, perception: session II
Variation in umami perception and in candidate genes for the umami receptor in mice and humans.
Perceptual variation in umami taste and polymorphisms in TAS1R taste receptor genes.
Early milk feeding influences taste acceptance and liking during infancy.
Taste and weight: is there a link?
Functional neuroimaging of umami taste: what makes umami pleasant?
Gastrointestinal tract
Metabolism and functions of L-glutamate in the epithelial cells of the small and large intestines.
Luminal chemosensing and upper gastrointestinal mucosal defences.
Protein, amino acids, vagus nerve signaling, and the brain.
Can dietary supplementation of monosodium glutamate improve the health of the elderly?
Absorptive and postabsorptive handling
Metabolic fate and function of dietary glutamate in the gut.
Hepatic glutamate metabolism: a tale of 2 hepatocytes.
The blood-brain barrier and glutamate.
Role of glutamate in neuron-glia metabolic coupling.
Summary